The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.